留学考试准备:(十七)立场的选择——最好不要同意的

by xiaolai on 2010/04/20 · 3 comments

in 留学考试准备

请仔细注意每一个字,有些题目“最好不要同意”。之所 以说“最好”,是因为这些题目选择“不要同意”可能更容易写一些。而“不要同意”不是“不同意”——因为很多人会不自觉地把“不同意”和“反对”对等起 来。我的意思是说,在“同意”和“反对”之间还有很多立场,比如“大部分同意”、“大部分反对”、“视情况而定”……等等;而在这众多的立场之中,针对这 些题目不要选择“同意”,除了“同意”之外的所有立场都可供选择,都比选择“同意”更容易写。

什么样的题目“最好不要同意”呢?那些有绝 对词的题目。比如:

  • Parents are the best teachers.
  • Learning about past has no value for those of us who live in the present.
  • The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns.

道理特别简单,“绝对的立场很难捍卫”,因为这样的立场哪怕只有一个反例就不能够完全成立。所以,即便是那些乍看上去很有道理,甚至人们普遍接受的立场都 应该小心应对,比如:

  • Never, never give up.
  • One should never judge a person by external appearances.
  • Progress is always good.

有些时候,绝对词并不是很容易被识别出来。比如,“Parents are the best teachers.”这句话里其实有两个绝对词,其中一个是“the best”,而另外一个是什么呢?

其实,“Parents are the best teachers.”这句话相当于:

All parents are the best teachers.

英语中 有两个绝对词不存在等同于存在“all”和“every”,再看看以下这个句子:

A student should always work hard.

其实这句话等同于“Every student should always work hard.”

这种题目直接选择“反对”可能是最好写的,因为刚刚已经说过,这种绝对的立场哪怕只有一个反例就不能够完全成立。随便找来一个反例就可以证明题目立场站不 住脚。

除此之外,还可以运用第三种有力模式:“1-转折-2-递进-3”应对这类题目。比如“One should never judge a person by external appearances.”这道题,可以如此应对:

  • It’s true that we sometimes get wrong when we judge a person merely by external appearances.(这样的例子生活中比比皆是……)
  • However, one’s external appearances do tell us a lot about a person.(比如,穿着西装打着领带开跑车的十有八九是暴发户……)
  • Moreover, in some specific circumstances, we have to and ought to judge a person by external appearances.(比如洗发精厂商找人代言的时候,一定不能找葛优……)

再比如 “The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns.”这道题,可以如此应对:

  • The amount of money a person earns is quite an important aspect of a job.
  • However, it is absolutely not the most important aspect for any individual.
  • In fact, for many individuals who enjoy their work and job, a sense of fullfilment might well be the most important.

又 比如“Progress is always good.”这道题,可以如此应对:

  • It’s true that progress is usually good.
  • However, it is hardly convincing to assert that progress is always good.
  • In fact, progress is to some extent neither good nor bad, and what is good or bad might be essentially determined by human behaviors.

第三种有力模式在这里的应用大抵上是这样的机理:先顺着它说,然后再逆转回来,而后再更进一步。这样写出来的文章比较好看,有一句话说:

文章无曲折,正如女人无曲线。

这不是我说的,是林语堂先生说的。

{ 3 comments… read them below or add one }

flyink April 20, 2010 at 15:50

除此之外,还可以运用第三种有力模式:“1-转折-2-递进-3”应对这类题目。

这个模式跟《GRE写作5.5(ISSUE篇)》编者:李建林 有一点类似,即正-反-合/反/散,不知道笑来对这本书所介绍的模式有何看法?

Reply

李笑来 April 20, 2010 at 16:26

看不出来任何类似之处。本质上完全不同。

Reply

ziwu April 20, 2010 at 17:28

老师问一个比较无关但和绝对立场有关系的词
在写argument过程中碰到题目里面出现这样的一句话A new head-mounted device that measures eye movements rather than blood flow and allows patients to move around will undoubtedly provide better brain measurements. 而这后半句“will undoubtedly provide better brain measurements”中出现的这个态度作者在原题中没有提供足够的证据证明,但是之前有说过,所有给出的例子都没有必要怀疑其真实性,重要的是看能否良好证明其结论。那么这后半句应该算是其中的一个conclusion还是例子当中的一部分不加怀疑呢?

Reply

Leave a Comment

Previous post:

Next post: